RAID 1, also known as disk mirroring, is a fault-tolerance configuration. Data is copied seamlessly and simultaneously from one disk to another with RAID 1, creating a replica or mirror. In the event of failure of one disk, the other can keep working.
RAID 1 is the simplest way to implement fault-tolerance in a cost effective manner.
The downside associated to RAID 1 is that performance is slightly compromised. It can be implemented through either hardware or software. At least two disks is required for RAID 1 hardware implementations. With software RAID 1, data can be mirrored between volumes on a single disk rather than on two physical disks. One additional point that should be underlined is RAID 1 cuts total disk capacity in half.
For Instance- if a server with two drives, each with 500 GB capacity, is configured with RAID 1, then total storage capacity will be 500 GB not 1 TB.
Usually, data is lost from RAID 1 array in three situations – if RAID 1 drive fails, if hard drive physically gets damaged and if there is any human error. Lost data can be recovered as long as the data is not overwritten. Although data lost due to physical damage of the hard drive might not be restored.
RAID 1 recovery is possible in different data loss situations, except hard drive physical damage.
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