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What Is IPsec?

IPsec is short for Internet Protocol Security. It is made up of different security protocols and the primary function is to make sure data packets sent over an IP network remain hidden and are not within access of any outside party. It is meant to provide the highest level of security for an internet protocol. One way of maintaining the confidentiality and authenticity is to encrypt the complete data.

The IPsec works at the network level, unlike the SSL which works at the application level, because of which it can encrypt the complete data packet. This is done in two ways.

1. Authentication Header (AH): In this process, a digital signature is placed on each data packet which protects the data from any intrusions and disturbances by outside entities. There is no way the data packet can be modified and allows 2-way authentication. It eliminates any possibility of tampering with a data packet.

2. Encapsulating Security Protocol(ESP): The ESP ensures encryption of all the data in a packet and makes it illegible The encryption is done by using tools like ESP header, trailer, and authentication block.

IPsec is used vastly in the Virtual Private Network section. It is used along with L2TP and IKEv2. When being used in the Tunnel mode, it encrypts the data packet completely to ensure there is no risk of any data interception and misuse.

L2TP expandable to Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol is programmed into operating systems and other VPN compatible devices. The L2TP cannot encrypt the data on its own but when used along with IPsec, it serves as a tool for the VPN. It uses the AES ciphers for encryption. It is fast and offers high security for the data packets.

IKEv2 is Internet Key Exchange version 2. It is a tunneling protocol and combines with IPSec for use as a VPN. It is responsive and flexible.
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